In view of psychology, real animals, but also provided intelligence in a very limited capacity. Therefore, to maintain its survival is more instinctively (instinctive). Based on the findings in the field of anthropology, we know that millions of years ago on this earth has ever lived creatures called dinosaurs that kind of animal that is physically much larger and stronger than humans. But now they have become extinct and we can only recognize them from the fossil-fossil stored in a museum-specific museum. It may be, directly or indirectly, their extinction is caused by one factor that has limited intelligence. In this case, people rightly grateful, though not physically big and strong, but thanks to the intelligence that had so far man was still able to maintain the continuity of life and civilization.
So, what intelligence really is? Actually, until now scientists had still seemed difficult to find a comprehensive definition of intelligence. In this case, C.P. Chaplin (1975) gives the notion of intelligence as the ability to face and adapt to new situations quickly and effectively. Meanwhile, Anita E. Woolfolk (1975) mengemukan that according to the old theory, intelligence includes three terms, namely: (1) the ability to learn; (2) the overall knowledge gained, and (3) the ability to adapt to new situations or environments in general.
Indeed, the original study of the intelligence capability was limited to individuals who are linked with cognitive aspects of intelligence, or so-called singular intellectual, as developed by Charles Spearman (1904) with the theory of "Two Factor" it, or Thurstone (1938) with the theory " Primary Mental abilities "her. From this study, produces a grouping of human intelligence is expressed in the form of Intelligent Quotient (IQ), which is calculated based on the comparison between the level of mental abilities (mental age) by age level (Chronological age), ranging from the media's ability to Ideot Genius (Weschler in Nana Syaodih, 2005). IQ term was first introduced by Alfred Binet, a psychologist from France in the early 20th century. Then, Lewis Terman of Stanford University tried to standardize an IQ test developed by Binet by considering the norms so that the next population is known as the Stanford-Binet test.
For years, IQ has been believed to be a standard measure of intelligence, but in line with the challenges and the atmosphere of modern life which is too complex, the standard measure of IQ has sparked heated debate and exciting at the same time among academics, educators, business practitioners and even the lay public, especially when linked with the level of success or achievement in one's life.
Daniel Goleman (1999), one who popularized other types of human intelligence is regarded as important factors that could affect the achievement a person, namely Emotional Intelligence, which we know him as the Emotional Quotient (EQ). Goleman argued that emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize our own feelings and the feelings of others, the ability to motivate yourself and the ability to manage emotions well in ourselves and in relationships with others.
According to the opinion of the writer actually use the term EQ is not fully accurate and impressed sterotype (talkative) follows the popularity of the first IQ known to man. The use of the concept of EQ quotient is not clear formulation. Unlike the IQ, meaning there is very clear Quotient refers to the results for the mental age (mental age) that are generated through rigorous psychological measurement with the calendar age (Chronological age).
Apart from "kesalahkaprahan" use of the term, there is one thing to be underlined by the "initiator and follower emotional intelligence of groups", that the potential of individuals in the aspects of "non-intellectual" related to attitudes, motivation, sosiabilitas, as well as aspects -- other emotional aspects, are the factors critical to the achievement of a person's success.
In contrast to the intellectual intelligence (IQ) which tends to be permanent, emotional competence (EQ) was more likely to be studied and modified at any time and by anyone who wishes to succeed or live performance.
Next Pekembangan in an effort to uncover the secrets of human intelligence is related to human nature as a creature of God. Intelelektual intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) is considered still-materialistic horizontal dimension alone (individual human beings and social beings) and have not touched the core issues affecting the lives of human nature as a creature of God (the vertical dimension-the spiritual). Departure from the view that as good as any human being with intelligence and emotional intelligence. at certain moments, through consideration of the function of affective, cognitive, and human konatifnya will believe and accept without hesitation that outside him there was something mighty great power that exceeds anything, including himself. Such appreciation by zakiah Darajat (1970) called a religious experience (religious experience).
Brightman (1956) explains that religious appreciation not only to the recognition of his kebaradaan, but also acknowledge Him as the source of the noble values that govern the eternal order of the universe's life this holiday. Therefore, people will comply and seek to comply with the full awareness and be accompanied by submission in the form of certain rituals, both individually and collectively, the symbolic and real in everyday life (Abin Ma'mun Shamsuddin, 2003).
Scientific findings initiated by Danah Zohar and Ian Marshall, and the research done by Michael Persinger in the 1990s, and research developed by VS Ramachandran in 1997 found the existence of God Spot in the human brain, which has a built-in is a spiritual center (the spiritual center), which is located between nerve and brain tissue. Once the results of research conducted by Wolf Singer indicate a nerve processes in the human brain are concentrated on unifying efforts and give meaning in our life experience. A network that literally bind our experiences together to live more meaningful. On the Spot is in fact God is the deepest human nature (Ari Ginanjar, 2001). Study of God Spot is in turn gave birth to the concept of Spiritual Intelligence, which is a human capacity with respect to efforts to give appreciation of how to make life more meaningful. With the wrong term kaprahnya called Spiritual Quotient (SQ)
Long before the term Spiritual Intelligence or SQ popularized, in 1938 Frankl has developed ideas about the meaning of life efforts. Dikemukakannya, that the meaning of life or logo must be sought by humans, which it contains the values: (1) creative value, (2) the value of experience and (3) the value of attitude. Derived meaning of human life will make him become a man of spiritual freedom of a human freedom from the temptations of lust, greed, and a competitive environment and conflict. To support the spiritual freedom demanded responsibility is to God, self and other humans. Being human is the awareness and responsibility (Sofyan S. Willis, 2005).
In Indonesia, the authors note there are two people who have contributed much in developing and popularizing the emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence of KH Abdullah Gymnastiar or AA Gym is known, the famous preacher of the Pesantren Daarut Tauhiid - Bandung with her Qalbu Management and Ary Ginanjar, many young entrepreneurs in the field of human resource development with Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) it.
Ary Ginanjar of thinking gave birth to a single Agustian ESQ training model which has its own patents. ESQ training concept ala Ary Ginanjar Agustian emphasizing: (1) Zero Mind Process; namely an attempt to clear his thoughts back to God Spot (nature), returned to the hearts and minds that are independent and free from the shackles; (2) Mental Building; the attempt to create a format based on the thinking and emotional self-awareness (self awareness), and according to their conscience by referring to the Five Pillars of Faith; (3) Mission Statement, Character Building, and Self-Controlling; the attempt to produce a personal toughness (personal strength) with reference to the Five Pillars of Islam; (4) Strategic Collaboration; attempt to make alliances or synergies with another person or with the social environment to realize the social responsibility of individuals; and (5) Total Action; is an attempt to build social resilience (Ari Ginanjar, 2001).
Development of the concept of emotional intelligence (EQ) and spiritual intelligence (SQ) makes the formulation and meaning of the broader intelligence. Intelligence no longer be interpreted solely in intellectual limits. According to Gardner that "a big mistake if we assume that IQ is a single fixed entity, which can be measured by tests using pencil and paper". The results of intelligent thought put into the book Frames of Mind .. In the book offers a vision convincingly and alternative perspectives on human intelligence, which later became known by the term multiple intelligences (Multiple Intelligence) (Colin Rose and Malcolm J. Nicholl, 2002).
Thanks to his intellectual intelligence, humans are already able to explore the Moon and other space, creating information and transportation technology that makes the world seem much closer and more transparent, creating a nuclear bomb, and create technology tools that super-sophisticated options. But at the same time also the damage to total destruction was already visible. Natural environment and are not bothered friends again. The ozone layer is getting thinner has caused global warming, floods and droughts will happen everywhere mountains stretched and spewed hot clouds and lava. Bodily diseases previously unknown, began to emerge, such as Avian Flu (Avian Influenza), AIDS and the kinds of other deadly diseases. In fact, socio-economic order into chaos because of human behavior and attitude that ignores the honesty and trust (corrupt conduct and manipulative behavior).
Man has succeeded in creating "technology giants" that can provide benefits to the interests of human life itself. But behind that, "technology giants" are already getting ready to pounce and kill man himself. Intelligence that is not accompanied by emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence, seems only to result in damage and destruction to life and humanity itself. Thus, if indeed we eventually had to meet the fate as dinosaurs?
With no intention of confronting what is most important, whether intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence or spiritual intelligence, is useful to take an eclectic selection of the three choices. To borrow the classical philosophy of the West Java communities, namely cageur, Bageur, bener banget tour, then we can draw the conclusion that intellectual intelligence (IQ) people become cageur and clever, with emotional intelligence (EQ) of the Bageur, and with spiritual intelligence ( SQ) people become bener. That's probably a wise choice for us as individuals and as an educator (prospective teachers)!
As a private, one of our major tasks in life is to try to develop all the potential (nature) of humanity that we have, through the efforts of learning (learning to do, learning to know (IQ), learning to be (SQ), and learning to live together (EQ), and trying to improve the quality of personal self-consistently, until in the end may be obtained self-actualization and achievement of real life (real achievement).
As an educator (prospective teachers), in creating himself as a professional educator and meaningful humanitarian work we are trying to membelajarkan the learners to be able to develop all the potential (nature) that humanity has, through the approach and process of meaningful learning (Meaningful Learning) ( SQ), fun (Joyful Learning) (EQ) and challenging or problematic (problematical Learning) (IQ), which in turn can produce quality human resources in Indonesia are, good, right, and smart.
0 Response to "IQ, EQ, and SQ: From the Single Intelligence to multiple intelligences"
Post a Comment