Engineering test or testing system is a business student understanding by using the tools that are revealed or tested.
While the test is as a systematic proseedur to mengobserfasi (observed) behavior of individuals through a number scale or category system. Also contains the test tools to determine the meaning or testing something.
The use of techniques from the test aims to:
1. Assess student learning
2. Provide tutoring students
3. Check the ability to learn
4. Understanding the difficulties of learning
5. Understanding the effectiveness (success) to teach
Various kinds of tests including:
a. Personality tests
That is a personality test to know someone who is organized in a dynamic and psychological systems of the individual who determines adjustments unique to the environment.
Personality can be measured by looking at:
1. What did someone say about themselves
2. what others say about the state of one's self
3. what one do in certain situations
b. Learning achievement tests
Is a tool or a test designed to measure learning outcomes. The main purpose of the use of learning achievement tests is that teachers can make the selection and classification decisions and determine the effectiveness of teaching.
These tests include:
1. Diagnostic tests, which are designed so that teachers know where the difficulties students especially in math and reading
2. Learning achievement test standard group
3. Achievement tests in the set up of teachers
B. Non-Test
Non-testing techniques is a procedure to collect personal data to understand the students, in general qualitative bersiffat.
Several kinds of non-testing techniques, among which:
1. Observations (completion)
the technique or how to observe a situation or an activity (behavior).
Most at play here are the five senses, or senses especially the sense of sight, and have characteristics as follows:
- Conducted in accordance with the objectives defined in advance
- Systematically planned
- The results are recorded and processed in accordance with the purpose
- To check accuracy.
This observation techniques can be grouped into several types, namely:
a. Daily observations
b. Observation sitematis
c. Oservasi participatory, observers here took part in the activities carried out by people who observed
d. Onpartisipatif participation, observers here do not participate in the activities carried out by people who observed.
2. Note Anecdotes
Ie authentic records that describe observations of student behavior or events in specific situations, when it comes to individuals as well as groups.
Using anecdotal records of teachers can:
- Gain a better understanding about child development
- Gain an understanding of the causes of the symptoms of student behavior
- Ease of adjusting to the students.
Note good anecdotes have terms as follows:
a. Objective
To maintain objectivity can be done these things as follows:
- Notes made by teachers
- Recording made immediately after an activity occurs
- Description of an event separated from the recording of his own interpretation
b. Descriptive
Record an event of the student must complete with background, the conversation is recorded directly and the events recorded in the order in accordance with the event.
c. Selective
The situation was noted that the situation relevant to the objectives and issues
was a concern of teachers according to the student.
3. Interviews
The interview is a technique for gathering information through direct communication with the respondent or the person who requested the information.
Advantages and disadvantages of interviews, namely:
The surplus is:
- Is the most appropriate technique yangg reveal personal circumstances untuuk students
- Can be done on every level of age
- Can be carried out simultaneously with the activities obseervasi
- Used to supplement data collected by other techniques
The downside is:
- Not efisiien, ie can not save time
- Highly dependent on the willingness of both parties
- Requires mastery of the language of the interviewer.
4. Questionnaire (Kuasioner)
Data collector is a tool through indirect communication, ie through writing. This questionnaire contains a list of questions aimed to collect information
about various issues related to the respondents.
Some clues to construct the questionnaire:
- Use words that do not have a full meaning
- Set up a simple sentence but it is clear
- Avoid words that are difficult to understand
- The question should not be forced to answer
- Avoid the words negative and offensive to respondents.
5. Autobiography
That is a personal essay (students) are purely the result itself without thought accessible from others, lead is more about life experiences, ideals and so forth.
Autobiography for teachers aims to find out about student-related interests, aspirations, attitudes towards family, teachers or school and life experiences.
This autobiography in the making is divided into two types, namely structured essays and unstructured.
a. Structured
Personal essays are organized by themes (titles) that you specify, such as ideals, my family, my friends, my childhood and so on.
b. Unstructured
student here at the request made personal essays freely, and not determined outline first.
C. Sosiometri
This technique aims to obtain information by linking or social interaction between students.
sosiometri there are 2 kinds, namely:
a. requires choosing a few friends in the group as a statement of preference for certain activities together with selected friends.
b. stated preference or dislike of a friend in the group in general. The first type of test is often used in educational institutions.
Sosiometri Uses:
- Improving human relations
- Determine the working groups
- Examine the ability to lead an individual in a particular group to
an activity
- Know the social relations or friends of individuals with other individual
- Recognizes an individual adjustment problems in the social groups
- Discover which individuals are accepted and rejected.
Sosiometri Pros:
a. knowing the social relationships between students
b. improve social relationships between students
c. placing students in appropriate groups
d. Where to find students who have adjustment problems with
group
e. help improve social participation among students with acceptance
students
f. help improve students' understanding of the interactions that are experienced
g. assist the counselor in creating a social climate better.
Sosiometri Weaknesses:
a. very difficult to guarantee confidentiality, because students tend to question the choice
b. students chose not based on consideration of who he will be most successful in doing the work, but based on the basis of sympathy and antipasti
c. memerluukkan lot or a long time.
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